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Belum Caves
Belum Caves is the second largest cave in Indian subcontinent and the longest caves in plains of Indian Subcontinent, known for its stalactite and stalagmite formations. Belum Caves have long passages, spacious chambers, fresh water galleries and siphons. It is a natural underground cave formed by the constant flow of underground water. The caves reach its deepest point (150 feet from entrance level) at the point known as ''Pataalaganga''. In Telugu language, it is called బెల్లము గుహలు''Belum Guhalu''. Belum Caves has a length of 3229 metres, making it the second largest natural caves in Indian Subcontinent.
It was brought to scientific attention in 1884 by a British surveyor Robert Bruce Foote, later in 1982-84, a team of German speleologists headed by H Daniel Gebauer conducted a detailed exploration of the caves. Thereafter in 1988, the state government declared them protected, and Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation (APTDC) developed the caves as a tourist attraction in February 2002. Today, 3.5 km of the cave has been successfully explored, though only 1.5 km is open to tourists.〔 There are 16 different pathways, including the main entrance and there are deposits of Quartz in the caves. The caves are formed in Black Limestone.
== The site ==
Belum Caves are located at Belum Village in Kolimigundla Mandal of Kurnool District in State of Andhra Pradesh, India. Kolimigundla is situated 3 km from Belum Caves.〔Reddy, K. Thimma (1976) (Billasurgam: An Upper Palaeolithic Cave Site in South India )〕 The distance of ''Belum Caves'' from nearby big cities is as follows: Kolimigundla 4 km, Kurnool 106 km, Bellary 144 km, Vijaywada 254 km, Tirupati 261 km, Hydrabad 319 km, Bengaluru 324 km, Hubli 357 km, Goa 507 km, Chennai 392 km, Visakhapatnam 736 km.
It is part of a larger complex of caves carved out of the limestone deposits in the Erramalai region. Other caves include Billasurgam caves, Sanyasula caves, Yaganti caves, Yerrajari caves, and Muchchatla Chintamanu caves (caves are called ''gavi'' in the local language).
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